The Roman testudo, or “tortoise” formation, was a hallmark of legionary discipline and engineering. Soldiers aligned their shields tightly together: front ranks held them forward, side ranks angled them outward, and those in the middle raised them overhead. The result was a nearly impenetrable shell, protecting against arrows, javelins, and stones. Used in sieges and open battle, the testudo allowed steady, protected advances toward enemy walls or fortifications. Its strength lay not only in the

The legions of Rome practice the turtle formation under a missile assault! To use this video in a commercial player or in broadcasts, please email licensing@storyful.com | Northwest Fencing Academy