The paper addresses the AI shutdown problem, a long-standing challenge in AI safety. The shutdown problem asks how to design AI systems that will shut down when instructed, will not try to prevent ...

This article explores the potential of large language models (LLMs) in reliability systems engineering, highlighting their ...

With the CBSE Class 12 Math exam on March 9, 2026, approaching, students are urged to focus on conceptual clarity and smart revision. Teachers emphasize mastering calculus, core algebra, vectors, and ...

First-order derivatives: n additional function calls are needed. Second-order derivatives based on gradient calls, when the "grd" module is specified (Dennis and Schnabel 1983): n additional gradient ...