Breaking down the design of a program into individual components (modules) that can be programmed and tested independently. It is a requirement for effective development and maintenance of large ...

A programming language structure wherein the data and their associated processing ("methods") are defined as self-contained entities called "objects." Becoming popular in the early 1990s and the norm ...

Most applications have a number of cross-cutting concerns, such as logging, exception handling, transaction handling and security. These items do not deal with the core business logic of an ...