Over the past two decades, photonic integrated circuits made from silicon have quickly moved from just being studied in academic settings to being widely used in data centres and telecommunication ...

Major processes in semiconductor wafer fabrication: 1) wafer preparation, 2) pattern transfer, 3) doping, 4) deposition, 5) etching, and 6) packaging. The process of creating semiconductors can be ...

In this article, the most common errors occurring at different stages of the semiconductor fabrication process and the strategies to mitigate them are discussed. The ever-growing complexity of the ...

Forming circuits involves the use of cylindrical pieces of semiconductor material. These cylinders are sliced into thin, circular pieces known as bare wafers. The bare wafers are then oxidized before ...

What methods can be applied to verify PCB functionality and safety? Which are suitable for mass production and for prototypes? What parameters are checked in each test? How to check a PCB without ...

What Is A Hybrid Integrated Circuit? A hybrid integrated circuit (HIC) or a hybrid microcircuit, is a miniaturised electronic circuit that combines different electronic components on a single platform ...