High-order Markov chain models extend the conventional framework by incorporating dependencies that span several previous states rather than solely the immediate past. This extension allows for a ...

Discover how Markov chains predict real systems, from Ulam and von Neumann’s Monte Carlo to PageRank, so you can grasp ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract We have two aims in this paper. First, we generalize the well-known theory of matrix-geometric methods of Neuts to more complicated Markov ...

Brief review of conditional probability and expectation followed by a study of Markov chains, both discrete and continuous time. Queuing theory, terminology, and single queue systems are studied with ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Dr. Lance B. Eliot is a world-renowned AI scientist and consultant. In today’s column, I closely examine an innovative way of ...