One piece flow processes are a type of optimization method that possess some significant advantages over batch processing, especially with respect to waste reduction, time reduction and increased ...

Nature makes amide bonds—the key linkages that string together amino acids in a polypeptide—like a knitting whiz. The ribosome in Escherichia coli bacteria, for example, can make eight amide bonds in ...

Although continuous flow chemistry—wherein molecules are made in a continuous process rather than in batches—has gained ground in academic labs, its adoption by industry and contract manufacturing ...